Pre-clinical
Laboratory and animal studies assess safety and biological activity before testing in humans.
Clinical trials progress through structured phases to evaluate safety, effectiveness, and long-term outcomes.
Laboratory and animal studies assess safety and biological activity before testing in humans.
Small-group testing to evaluate safety, dosage limits, and side effects.
Expanded trials to assess effectiveness and continued safety monitoring.
Large-scale studies confirming effectiveness and comparing standard treatments.
Post-marketing studies tracking long-term outcomes and rare side effects.